Table of Contents
[SYNTAX OF NOUN]
आज हम SYNTAX OF NOUN के बारे मे जानेगें | SYNTAX OF NOUN के RULE का प्रयोग करते हुए EXAMPLES को समझेंगे | सबसे पहले हम SYNTAX के बारे मे जानते हैं |
SYNTAX
SENTENCE की आशुद्धियों को समझकर वाक्य मे शब्दों को सही स्थान पर लगाना या SENTENCES को ठीक प्रकार से Arrange करना ही SYNTAX कहलाता है |
Syntax का अर्थ है – वाक्य मे शब्दों का स्थान अर्थात वाक्य को शुद्ध करना या “वाक्य -रचना”
“The correct arrangement of words in sentences is called Syntax.”
SYNTAX OF NOUN
SYNTAX OF NOUN के जरिये हम SENTENCES की SINGULAR NOUN और PLURAL NOUN को ठीक तरीके से Use करना सीखेंगे |
निम्नलिखित नियमों तथा उदाहरणों को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िये और अशुद्धियों का कारण समझिये –
RULE 1.
इस Syntax Noun मे कुछ Noun ( furniture, information, poetry, scenery, news आदि ) हमेशा Singular Number मे use होते हैं –
EXAMPLES _
- The information is not correct.
- The scenery is attractive.
- I like poetry.
- All the furniture of the room was burnt to ashes.
Incorrect : I have learnt several poetries.
Correct : I have learnt several poems.
But we can say –
Do you like poetry?
I am learning a new poetry poem.
Incorrect : The sceneries of Tajmahal are very charming.
Correct : The scenery of Tajmahal is very charming.
But we can say –
What a beautiful scene?
A beautiful sight was before us.
ये Noun “News” शब्द Plural Number जैसा होता है लेकिन इसे हमेशा Singular Number मे ही use करते हैं |
- No news is good news. [ √ ]
- The news is correct. [ √ ]
- The news are correct. [ Χ ]
RULE 2.
कुछ Noun Deer, Sheep, Fish का use sentence के अनुसार एकवचन तथा बहुवचन दोनों मे होता है |
EXAMPLES _
- I have a deer.
- I have two deer.
- There is a sheep in the field.
- There are two sheep in the field.
- He caught a fish.
- He caught two fish.
But we can say –
Yesterday I caught two fishes – one very big and the other quite small.
RULE 3.
इस Syntax of Noun मे ये सब Noun Furniture, Mathematics, Economics, Politics, Physics, Dynamics, Hair, Innings का प्रयोग Singular number मे होता है;
EXAMPLES _
- Mathematics is my favorite subject.
- Our team won by an innings and four runs.
- All the furniture of the room is broken.
- Economics is an easy and interesting subject.
- My house is full of good furniture.
- Her hair is curly.
But we can say –
Hairs of my head are black, but there is only one white hair.
RULE 4.
इन Noun ‘Dozen, Score, Hundred, Thousand‘ का प्रयोग Singular Number मे होता है यदि इनका प्रयोग अंकों (Numbers) के बाद मे किया गया है;
EXAMPLES _
- She bought four dozen bananas.
- Some people reach the age of three score and five.
- The cycle cost me eight hundred rupees.
But we can say –
Hundreds of people came to see the exhibition.
Thousands of soldiers were killed in the war.
RULE 5.
Pair का प्रयोग Singular तथा Plural, दोनों मे होता है; –
EXAMPLES _
- One pair of shoes.
- Two pair of shoes.
But we can say –
Some conjunctions are used in pairs.
RULE 6.
निम्नलिखित Nouns (संज्ञायेँ) केवल बहुवचन मे ही प्रयुक्त होते हैं –
EXAMPLES _
- दो अंग वाले औजारों के नाम; जैसे – Bellows; Scissors; Tongs; Pincers;
- पहिनने के कुछ वस्त्रों के नाम; जैसे – Trousers;
- बीमारियों के नाम; जैसे – Measles;
- खेलों के नाम; जैसे – Billiards;
- कुछ अन्य Nouns; जैसे – Annals; Thanks; Tidings; Assets; Chattels; Proceeds आदि |
RULE 7.
Syntax of Noun मे कुछ समूहवाचक संज्ञायेँ (जैसे – Poultry, Cattle, Vermin, People, Gentry) ऐसी होती हैं जो देखने मे एकवचन सी प्रतीत होती हैं लेकिन उनका प्रयोग बहुवचन मे होता है; –
EXAMPLES _
- These poultry are not mine.
- Whose are these cattle?
- Vermin destroy our property and disease.
- Who are those people?
- There are few gentry in this area.
NOTE:- जब People का प्रयोग Common Nouns की तरह होता है, तब इसका अर्थ “Nation” होता है और Nation के अर्थ मे इसका use एकवचन तथा बहुवचन दोनों मे होता है: जैसे –
- There are many different peoples in India.
- The Japanese are a hard-working and brave people.
RULE 8.
कुछ Nouns का अर्थ Singular और Plural मे बिल्कुल अलग होता है; –
EXAMPLES _
Singular Plural
Advice (परामर्श, सलाह) Advices (सूचना)
Air (हवा, वातावरण) Airs (दिखावटी व्यवहार)
Good (भलाई) Goods (सामान)
Compass (विस्तार, परिधि) Compasses (परकार)
Respect (सम्मान) Respects (Compliments-नमस्कार)
Physic (दवा) Physics (भौतिक विज्ञान)
Iron (लोहा) Irons (बेड़ियाँ, जंजीरें)
Force (शक्ति) Forces (सेना)
RULE 9.
यदि Plural Noun किसी देश या पुस्तक का नाम हो तो Singular Verb का प्रयोग करना चाहिए; –
EXAMPLES _
- Gulliver’s Travels is my favourite book.
- The Arabian Nights was very popular in the 19th
- The United States of America has a very strong army.
RULE 10.
Double Possessive का प्रयोग नहीं करना चाहिए; जैसे –
- Mohan’s brother’s book is dirty. [Incorrect]
- The book of Mohan’s brother is dirty. [correct]
ध्यान देने योग्य बातें –
ORDER OF WORDS
स्थान परिवर्तन के कारण वाक्य का अर्थ पूर्ण रूप से बदल जाता है ; जैसे –
- The teacher taught the student. ( मास्टर साहब ने स्टूडेंट को पढ़ाया |)
- The student taught the teacher. ( स्टूडेंट ने मास्टर साहब को पढ़ाया |)
उपर्युक्त दोनों वाक्यों मे use शब्द एक समान हैं, subject और predicate के स्थानो को परिवर्तित कर दिया गया है | तो दूसरे वाक्य मे अर्थ बदल गया है |
IMPORTANT OF PUNCTUATION MARKS
शुद्ध अर्थ के लिए Punctuation Marks भी बहुत important होते हैं ; जैसे –
- Boys run. (लड़के दौड़ते हैं|)
- Children do the work. (बच्चे कार्य करते हैं |)
- Boys, run. (लड़कों, दौड़ो|)
- Children, do the work. (बच्चों, कार्य करो|)
USAGE
व्याकरण सम्बन्धी नियम Usage (व्यवहार) से प्रभावित होते रहते हैं; जैसे –
- You are father than I. (तुम मुझसे अधिक मोटे हो|)
यह वाक्य Comparative Degree मे है|किन्तु अब Modern English में You are fatter than me भी शुद्ध माना जाता है |
SYNTAX OF NOUN के उदाहरण –
EXAMPLES –
- You gave me an advice. [Incorrect]
You gave me advice. [Correct]
- These news are correct. [Incorrect]
This news is correct. [Correct]
- My hairs are curly. [Incorrect]
My hair is curly. [Correct]
- Five miles journey are too much. [Incorrect]
Five miles journey is too much. [Correct]
- I have a five rupees note. [Incorrect]
I have a five rupee note. [Correct]
- All the furnitures were destroyed. [Incorrect]
All the furniture was destroyed. [Correct]
- Do not insult the poors. [Incorrect]
Do not insult the poor. [Correct]
- We have heard many good news today. [Incorrect]
WE have heard a lot of good news today. [Correct]
READ ALSO…..
- Present Indefinite Tense in Hindi
- Past Indefinite Tense in Hind
- Future Indefinite Tense in Hindi
- Present Continuous Tense in Hindi
- Past Continuous Tense in Hindi
- Future Continuous Tense in Hindi
- Present Perfect Tense in Hindi
- Stories Translation Hindi to English
- Stories Translation English to Hindi
- Stories Translation Hindi to English Practice Exercises
- Easy Story Translation Hindi to English
- Best Moral Stories Hindi to English
- Bedtime Story Hindi to English
- Moral Story Hindi to English
- HINDI TO ENGLISH CONVERSATION PRACTICE
- USE OF SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
- MODALS IN HINDI
- DETERMINERS IN HINDI
- SYNTAX OF NOUN (SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT)